Swan song of the marshes

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There's more to wetlands than just water. K S Gopi Sundar, Research Associate (India), International Crane Foundation, tells us why we need to preserve our wetland wealth.

Human civilisation began on river banks and on the shores of large inland lakes. The high soil fertility and a reliable annual cycle of flooding and drying made these areas ideal for planting crops and settling down. Wetlands have been responsible in creating modern human civilisation as we know it today. Shallow water, strong seasonality, and highly productive – these are the three primary traits that characterise wetlands. More than two-thirds of the world’s vertebrate wildlife depends on wetlands at some point in their life cycle. Many flowers like the lotus and animals like frogs and dragonflies are found only in wetland areas. Wetlands therefore are exceedingly important repositories of biodiversity. In this feature, I celebrate the values of wetlands to humans and wildlife alike, and the need to conserve and restore them.

Human use

Shallow waterbodies that have water only during and immediately after the monsoon are maintained as common lands. The amount of productivity of grass, lotus and other vegetation in these shallow areas is incredible. Common lands are therefore used to graze cattle, harvest lotus for food, reeds for thatching, and silt to fertilise agricultural fields. Ponds, lakes, and similar wetlands, with water throughout the year provide a range of values for humans. Common methods of utilising these are as fish ponds, areas to cultivate water chestnut, or to retain water during the dry season that is used to cultivate crops during the dry summer. Even today, majority of the rural human population in several areas in India are dependent on wetlands. The Gangetic flood plains is one example of an area where people cannot survive without wetlands and therefore require them throughout the year.


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Source : IIPM Editorial, 2008
An Initiative of IIPM, Malay Chaudhuri and Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist).


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